David Cameron has vowed to tackle what he called the "poisonous narrative of Islamist extremism that is turning too many young minds".
He was speaking following two days of talks with US President Barack Obama in Washington where they said a new group would be set up to exchange information and expertise to tackle the terror threat.
The Prime Minister wants to be able to better track suspected terrorists without undermining civil liberties and admitted there was an inability to interrupt their communications.
He pushed for tougher requirements for internet firms to alert authorities to suspicious online exchanges, ban encrypted communications and store data.
A report last year into the murder of Fusilier Lee Rigby concluded that Facebook failed to pass on information that could have prevented his death.
Meanwhile, the director of Europol, Rob Wainwright, admitted to Sky News that stopping every potential attack was "very difficult" but vowed to "prevail" and said there was a determined action by police to disrupt cells.
He said it was a "very serious threat" and "large-scale problem" across many European countries and there could be thousands of suspects radicalised online and through their experiences in Syria and Iraq.
The PM said dealing with extremism meant combating the threat in those conflict zones but also "dealing with terrorism in our own midst".
He said he had some "important discussions [with Obama] about how we combat the poisonous narrative of Islamist extremism that is turning too many young minds towards this.
"And crucially how to make sure that we are still able legally to intercept the communications of terrorists and stop them before they create mayhem and murder.
"This is controversial. We have to get it right. There's always been an inability in extremism to interrupt the communications of terrorists and to stop them doing what they plan.
"I think it's important we maintain those capabilities in the future."
The Prime Minister's policy proposals have caused concern on both sides of the Atlantic about the prospect of security efforts encroaching on privacy.
Mr Obama said it was important to be able to keep tabs on terrorists' use of the internet and social media.
"When we have the ability to track that, in a way that is legal, conforms with due process, rule of law and oversight, then that's a capability we have to preserve," Mr Obama said.
The announcement of a new group to counter extremism comes amid fears about the spread of terrorism after last week's Paris attacks that left 17 people dead and the arrest of more than two dozen people in anti-terror raids in Belgium, Germany and France.
Mr Obama said the attacks in France "underscored again how terrorist groups like al Qaeda and ISIL (Islamic State) are actively trying to inspire and support people within our own countries to engage in terrorism".
He also suggested European countries needed to make sure their Muslim populations were better "assimilated".
The two leaders also agreed to stage cyber "war games" and establish a joint "cyber cell" to boost both countries' resistance to hack attacks.
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